Generally, the Miller Act applies to overseas projects much like it does to those on American soil. If the project is owned by a federal agency, then the Miller Act will likely apply. However, for projects abroad, it’s relatively common for the payment and performance bond requirements to be waived.

Levelset discusses that in detail here: Waiving Bond Requirements On Federal Contracts.

Buildsmart also has a good resource on the Miller Act and overseas projects: Miller Time: Where to File a Miller Act Suit Arising on an Overseas Project?